On behalf of the committee, it is our great pleasure to welcome you to the Jakarta International
Conference on Social Sciences and Humanities. In this even, we have received many papers not
only from Indonesia but also from different countries, such as Kuwait, India, and Malaysia.
This conference would not come into existence if there were no solid cooperation from numerous
people and parties, especially from our sponsor Badan Pengawas Pemilu (BAWASLU) Republik
Indonesia (Indonesian Election Supervisory Agency) and our Co-hosts of the Conference,
namely: (1) Universiti Sains Malaysia; (2) Universitas Gunadarma; (3) Universitas Al Azhar
Indonesia; (4) Universitas Langlangbuana; and (5) Universitas Bhayangkara. Hence, we do
appreciate everyone and every party who support as well as participate in this conference.
We also would like to extend our gratitude to all the authors, session chairs, reviewers, and
participants for their contribution to Jakarta International Conference on Social Sciences and
Humanities, held on 15th November 2018, in Jakarta, Indonesia.